如何为安卓设备编译 LineageOS 操作系统

一、概述

LineageOS 是一个基于 Android 的开源操作系统，支持各种设备。本文教程中使用的手机型号为 Nubia Play 5G 。可以通过 LineageOS 官网查看 LineageOS 官方支持的手机型号。同时 LineageOS 官网也提供了编译教程，这里就不再赘述。我们可以打开 LineageOS 官网查看更多信息。整个编译过程大概包含以下几个步骤：

准备编译环境
拉取源码
配置编译环境
执行编译
刷机

在撰写文章时，LineageOS 提供了 LineageOS 20 和 LineageOS 21两个稳定版本，这里我们选择 LineageOS 20 。下文详细介绍 LineageOS 20 的编译过程。

二、准备环境

1.1 电脑硬件与操作系统环境

我的电脑硬件配置如下：

硬件	配置	备注
CPU	intel 12600K	理论上CPU越好，编译效率越高。
内存	金百达 3200 16GB * 2	建议32GB以上内存
硬盘	固态硬盘 4TB	建议1TB以上硬盘，编译过程会产生挺多文件，需要硬盘空间

操作系统：Deepin 20.9，官方推荐使用 Ubuntu 20.04 ，使用相近的 Linux 版本并且能解决依赖问题就可以。

1.2 安装platform-tools

首先我们需要安装 platform-tools，它包含了我们刷机的使用到的基本工具，例如 adb、fastboot 。后续在刷机过程中，需要使用到 adb、fastboot 。

下载地址：platform-tools

1.3 安装依赖

在编译的过程中，需要使用到基础的环境依赖，安装命令如下：

sudo apt install bc bison build-essential ccache curl flex g++-multilib gcc-multilib git git-lfs gnupg gperf imagemagick lib32readline-dev lib32z1-dev libelf-dev liblz4-tool libsdl1.2-dev libssl-dev libxml2 libxml2-utils lzop pngcrush rsync schedtool squashfs-tools xsltproc zip zlib1g-dev

1.4 安装git

如果你电脑还没有git，使用如下命令安装

sudo apt install git

并且执行git初始化

  
git config --global user.name "你的名字"
git config --global user.email "你的邮箱"

1.5 安装repo

repo 是 Android 源码的版本控制工具，它类似于 Git ，但是更适合 Android 源码。我们通过国内的 tuna 镜像源下载，速度比较快。

curl https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/git-repo -o repo
chmod +x repo

为了方便可以将其拷贝到PATH的任意目录里。repo 的运行过程中会尝试访问官方的 git 源，如果想使用 tuna 的镜像源，可以将如下内容复制到你的 ~/.bashrc 里并重启终端。

  
export REPO_URL='https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/git-repo'

三、下载源代码

在一个空的目录下执行 repo 初始化

  
repo init -u https://github.com/LineageOS/android.git -b lineage-20.0 --git-lfs

为了提高拉取源代码的速度，需要执行以下操作：

打开.repo/manifests/default.xml，将

  
  <remote  name="github"
           fetch=".."
           review="review.lineageos.org" />

改成

  
  <remote  name="github"
           fetch="https://github.com/" />

  <remote  name="lineage"
           fetch="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/lineageOS/"
           review="review.lineageos.org" />

将

  
  <remote  name="aosp"
           fetch="https://android.googlesource.com"

改成

  
  <remote  name="aosp"
           fetch="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/AOSP"

将

  
  <default revision="..."
           remote="github"

改成

  
  <default revision="..."
           remote="lineage"

同步源码树（以后只需执行这条命令来同步）：

repo sync

拉取厂商依赖代码

  
# 创建厂商目录
mkdir -p vendor/nubia/ && cd vendor/nubia
# 拉取厂商代码
git clone -b lineage-20 https://github.com/nubia-development/proprietary_vendor_nubia_sm7250-common.git sm7250-common
# 回到源码目录
cd -

四、编译

初始化环境

  
# 初始化环境
source build/envsetup.sh
# 进行设备初始化，要联网，否则报错
breakfast nx651j

执行设备初始化命令过程输出如下

  
pan@pan-PC:~/Android/aosp/lineage$ breakfast nx651j
In file included from build/make/core/config.mk:353:
In file included from build/make/core/envsetup.mk:352:
build/make/core/product_config.mk:228: error: Can not locate config makefile for product "lineage_nx651j".
23:19:48 dumpvars failed with: exit status 1
Device nx651j not found. Attempting to retrieve device repository from LineageOS Github (http://github.com/LineageOS).
Found repository: android_device_nubia_nx651j
Default revision: lineage-20.0
Checking branch info
Using fallback branch: lineage-20
Checking if device/nubia/nx651j is fetched from android_device_nubia_nx651j
Adding dependency: LineageOS/android_device_nubia_nx651j -> device/nubia/nx651j
Syncing repository to retrieve project.
Fetching: 100% (1/1), done in 1.687s
repo sync has finished successfully.
Repository synced!
Looking for dependencies in device/nubia/nx651j
Default revision: lineage-20.0
Checking branch info
Using fallback branch: lineage-20
Adding dependencies to manifest
Checking if device/nubia/sm7250-common is fetched from android_device_nubia_sm7250-common
Adding dependency: LineageOS/android_device_nubia_sm7250-common -> device/nubia/sm7250-common
Syncing dependencies
Fetching: 100% (2/2), done in 5.317s
repo sync has finished successfully.
Looking for dependencies in device/nubia/sm7250-common
Default revision: lineage-20.0
Checking branch info
Using fallback branch: lineage-20
Default revision: lineage-20.0
Checking branch info
Using fallback branch: lineage-20
Adding dependencies to manifest
Checking if hardware/nubia is fetched from android_hardware_nubia
Adding dependency: LineageOS/android_hardware_nubia -> hardware/nubia
Checking if kernel/nubia/sm7250 is fetched from android_kernel_nubia_sm7250
Adding dependency: LineageOS/android_kernel_nubia_sm7250 -> kernel/nubia/sm7250
Syncing dependencies
Fetching: 100% (4/4), done in 4m14.499s
正在检出文件: 100% (71804/71804), 完成.
Checking out: 100% (4/4), done in 5.215s
repo sync has finished successfully.
Looking for dependencies in hardware/nubia
hardware/nubia has no additional dependencies.
Looking for dependencies in kernel/nubia/sm7250
kernel/nubia/sm7250 has no additional dependencies.
Looking for dependencies in hardware/samsung/nfc
hardware/samsung/nfc has no additional dependencies.
Done

============================================
PLATFORM_VERSION_CODENAME=REL
PLATFORM_VERSION=13
LINEAGE_VERSION=20.0-20240227-UNOFFICIAL-nx651j
TARGET_PRODUCT=lineage_nx651j
TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=userdebug
TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release
TARGET_ARCH=arm64
TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT=armv8-2a
TARGET_CPU_VARIANT=generic
TARGET_2ND_ARCH=arm
TARGET_2ND_ARCH_VARIANT=armv8-a
TARGET_2ND_CPU_VARIANT=generic
HOST_ARCH=x86_64
HOST_2ND_ARCH=x86
HOST_OS=linux
HOST_OS_EXTRA=Linux-5.15.77-amd64-desktop-x86_64-Deepin-20.9
HOST_CROSS_OS=windows
HOST_CROSS_ARCH=x86
HOST_CROSS_2ND_ARCH=x86_64
HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release
BUILD_ID=TQ3A.230901.001
OUT_DIR=out
PRODUCT_SOONG_NAMESPACES=vendor/nubia/sm7250-common device/nubia/sm7250-common hardware/nubia vendor/qcom/opensource/usb/etc hardware/qcom-caf/sm8250 vendor/qcom/opensource/commonsys/display vendor/qcom/opensource/commonsys-intf/display vendor/qcom/opensource/display vendor/qcom/opensource/data-ipa-cfg-mgr-legacy-um vendor/qcom/opensource/dataservices
============================================

设置编译缓存

  
export USE_CCACHE=1
export CCACHE_EXEC=/usr/bin/ccache
ccache -M 50G
ccache -o compression=true

最后执行命令编译

# 回到源码根目录
croot
# 编译
brunch nx651j

五、总结

以上是源码编译的步骤，编译成功后，在out/target/product/nx651j/目录下就可以看到编译好的系统镜像，如果编译失败，请根据提示进行修改。编译完成后，可以使用fastboot、adb 等工具将镜像烧录到手机中。这里仅介绍编译步骤，更多编译相关知识，请自行搜索。